Multiple ethnic groups populate China, where "China" is taken to mean areas controlled by either of the two states using "China" in their formal names, the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC, aka "Taiwan").
The Han Chinese are the largest ethnic group, where some 91.59% [1] of the population was classified as Han Chinese (~1.2 billion). Besides the majority Han Chinese, 55 other ethnic groups are recognised in mainland China by the PRC government, numbering approximately 105 million people, mostly concentrated in the northwest, north, northeast, south, and southwest but with some in central interior areas.
The major minority ethnic groups are Zhuang (16.1 million), Manchu (10.6 million), Hui (9.8 million), Miao (8.9 million), Uyghur (8.3 million), Tujia (8 million), Yi (7.7 million), Mongol (5.8 million), Tibetan (5.4 million), Buyei (2.9 million), Dong (2.9 million), Yao (2.6 million), Korean (1.9 million), Bai (1.8 million), Hani (1.4 million), Kazakh (1.2 million), Li (1.2 million), and Dai (1.1 million).
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In order of population,[2] this is the list of the 56 ethnic groups in China that are officially recognized by the government of the People's Republic of China. Members of several ethnic groups reside in Hong Kong and Macau, but due to the long separation from China, many of these ethnic groups are generally unknown to the Special Administrative Regions (of People's Republic of China) of Hong Kong and of Macau.
English name |
Standard Romanization |
CodeA |
Pinyin |
S. Chinese |
T. Chinese |
PopulationB |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Han | Han | HA | Hàn Zú | 汉族 | 漢族 | 1,225,932,641 (2010) |
Zhuang | Zhuang | ZH | Zhuàng Zú | 壮族 | 壯族 | 16,178,811 |
Manchu | Man | MA | Mǎn Zú | 满族 | 滿族 | 10,682,263 |
Hui1 | Hui | HU | Huí Zú | 回族 | 回族 | 9,816,802 |
Miao2 | Miao | MH | Miáo Zú | 苗族 | 苗族 | 8,940,116 |
Uyghur | Uyghur | UG | Wéiwú'ěr Zú | 维吾尔族 | 維吾爾族 | 8,399,393 |
Tujia | Tujia | TJ | Tǔjiā Zú | 土家族 | 土家族 | 8,028,133 |
Yi | Yi | YI | Yí Zú | 彝族 | 彝族 | 7,762,286 |
Mongol | Mongol | MG | Měnggǔ Zú | 蒙古族 | 蒙古族 | 5,813,947 |
Tibetan3 | Zang | ZA | Zàng Zú | 藏族 | 藏族 | 5,416,021 |
Buyei | Buyei | BY | Bùyī Zú | 布依族 | 布依族 | 2,971,460 |
Dong | Dong | DO | Dòng Zú | 侗族 | 侗族 | 2,960,293 |
Yao | Yao | YA | Yáo Zú | 瑶族 | 瑤族 | 2,637,421 |
Korean | Chosen | CS | Cháoxiǎn Zú | 朝鲜族 | 朝鮮族 | 1,923,842 |
Bai | Bai | BA | Bái Zú | 白族 | 白族 | 1,858,063 |
Hani | Hani | HN | Hāní Zú | 哈尼族 | 哈尼族 | 1,439,673 |
Kazakh | Kazak | KZ | Hāsàkè Zú | 哈萨克族 | 哈薩克族 | 1,420,458 |
Li | Li | LI | Lí Zú | 黎族 | 黎族 | 1,247,814 |
Dai4 | Dai | DA | Dǎi Zú | 傣族 | 傣族 | 1,158,989 |
She | She | SH | Shē Zú | 畲族 | 畲族 | 709,592 |
Lisu | Lisu | LS | Lìsù Zú | 傈僳族 | 傈僳族 | 634,912 |
Gelao | Gelao | GL | Gēlǎo Zú | 仡佬族 | 仡佬族 | 579,357 |
Dongxiang | Dongxiang | DX | Dōngxiāng Zú | 东乡族 | 東鄉族 | 513,805 |
Gaoshan5 | Gaoshan | GS | Gāoshān Zú | 高山族 | 高山族 | 458,000 |
Lahu | Lahu | LH | Lāhù Zú | 拉祜族 | 拉祜族 | 453,705 |
Sui | Sui | SU | Shuǐ Zú | 水族 | 水族 | 406,902 |
Va | Va | VA | Wǎ Zú | 佤族 | 佤族 | 396,610 |
Nakhi6 | Naxi | NX | Nàxī Zú | 纳西族 | 納西族 | 308,839 |
Qiang | Qiang | QI | Qiāng Zú | 羌族 | 羌族 | 306,072 |
Tu | Tu | TU | Tǔ Zú | 土族 | 土族 | 241,198 |
Mulao | Mulao | ML | Mùlǎo Zú | 仫佬族 | 仫佬族 | 207,352 |
Xibe | Xibe | XB | Xíbó Zú | 锡伯族 | 錫伯族 | 188,824 |
Kyrgyz | Kirgiz | KG | Kē'ěrkèzī Zú | 柯尔克孜族 | 柯爾克孜族 | 160,823 |
Daur | Daur | DU | Dáwò'ěr Zú | 达斡尔族 | 達斡爾族 | 132,394 |
Jingpo7 | Jingpo | JP | Jǐngpō Zú | 景颇族 | 景頗族 | 132,143 |
Maonan | Maonan | MN | Màonán Zú | 毛南族 | 毛南族 | 107,166 |
Salar | Salar | SL | Sālā Zú | 撒拉族 | 撒拉族 | 104,503 |
Blang | Blang | BL | Bùlǎng Zú | 布朗族 | 布朗族 | 91,882 |
Tajik | Tajik | TA | Tǎjíkè Zú | 塔吉克族 | 塔吉克族 | 41,028 |
Achang | Achang | AC | Āchāng Zú | 阿昌族 | 阿昌族 | 33,936 |
Pumi | Pumi | PM | Pǔmǐ Zú | 普米族 | 普米族 | 33,600 |
Ewenki | Ewenki | EW | Èwēnkè Zú | 鄂温克族 | 鄂温克族 | 30,505 |
Nu | Nu | NU | Nù Zú | 怒族 | 怒族 | 28,759 |
Gin8 | Gin | GI | Jīng Zú | 京族 | 京族 | 22,517 |
Jino | Jino | JN | Jīnuò Zú | 基诺族 | 基諾族 | 20,899 |
De'ang | Deang | DE | Dé'áng Zú | 德昂族 | 德昂族 | 17,935 |
Bonan | Bonan | BO | Bǎoān Zú | 保安族 | 保安族 | 16,505 |
Russian | Russ | RS | Éluósī Zú | 俄罗斯族 | 俄羅斯族 | 15,609 |
Yugur | Yugur | YG | Yùgù Zú | 裕固族 | 裕固族 | 13,719 |
Uzbek | Uzbek | UZ | Wūzībiékè Zú | 乌孜别克族 | 烏孜别克族 | 12,370 |
Monba | Monba | MB | Ménbā Zú | 门巴族 | 門巴族 | 8,923 |
Oroqen | Oroqen | OR | Èlúnchūn Zú | 鄂伦春族 | 鄂倫春族 | 8,196 |
Derung | Derung | DR | Dúlóng Zú | 独龙族 | 獨龍族 | 7,426 |
Tatars | Tatar | TT | Tǎtǎ'ěr Zú | 塔塔尔族 | 塔塔爾族 | 4,890 |
Hezhen9 | Hezhen | HZ | Hèzhé Zú | 赫哲族 | 赫哲族 | 4,640 |
Lhoba | Lhoba | LB | Luòbā Zú | 珞巴族 | 珞巴族 | 2,965 |
Undistinguished | Undistinguished | none | Wèi Shìbié Mínzú | 未识别民族 | 未識別民族 | 734,438 |
AGB 3304-91 "Names of nationalities of China in romanization with codes".[3]
Bthe population only includes China and the Republic of China (Taiwan)
1also includes Utsuls of Hainan, descended from Cham refugees
2a subset of which is also known as Hmong
3including Amdowa and Khampa
4this category includes several different Tai-speaking groups historically referred to as Bai-yi
5a collective name for all Taiwanese aborigine groups in Taiwan
6also included are the zh:摩梭; Mósuō
7known as Kachin in Myanmar
8The same group as Vietnamese or Kinh in Sino-Vietnamese and historically referred to as 越 Yuè, cognate to Vietnamese Việt. See Bǎiyuè.
9the same group as Nanai on the Russian side of the border
The People's Republic of China government officially refers to all Taiwanese aborigines as Gaoshan, whereas the Republic of China (Taiwan) recognizes 14 groups of Taiwanese aborigines. The term Gaoshan has a different connotation in Taiwan than it does in mainland China. While several thousands of these aborigines have migrated to Fujian province in mainland China, most remain in Taiwan. Due to the contested political status and legal status of Taiwan, the PRC classification of Taiwanese aborigines may be controversial.
This is a list of ethnic groups in China that are not officially recognized by the government of the People's Republic of China.
Hong Kong and Macau are special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China. The governments of Hong Kong and Macau do not use the official PRC ethnic classification system, nor does the PRC's official classification system take ethnic groups in Hong Kong and Macau into account. As a result, minority groups such as Europeans (mainly English), and South or South East Asians (mainly Filipinos, Indian, Indonesians, Nepalese and Pakistani) in Hong Kong.
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